IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


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1.1 


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■^  l&i   122 


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111 


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Hwtographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


33  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

vimsreR,N.Y.  usto 

(71«)  172-4903 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/iCMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiquet 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibllographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  cou!«ur 


I     I   Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endsmmag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurAe  et/ou  pellicula 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bieue  ou  noire) 


I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  di.^lortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  iiure  ser.-^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
iors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  ceia  Atait  possible,  cas  pages  n'ont 
pas  AtA  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires: 


T»i 
to 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilieur  exempiaire 
qu'ii  iul  a  tt6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exempiaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibllographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reprodulte,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


I     I   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 


n   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  peilicul6es 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicoiortes,  tachettes  ou  piquAes 


Til 
PC 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th( 
sic 

oti 
fir 
sic 
or 


I     I   Pages  detached/ 


D 


Pages  d^tachtes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

includes  supplementary  materit 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponibie 


[T^  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     I  includes  supplementary  material/ 

I     I  Only  edition  available/ 


Th 
shi 
Til 
w» 

Ml 
dif 
ent 
bei 
rig 
rec 
mc 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totaiement  ou  partlellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  une  peiure, 
etc.,  ont  M  fiimtes  A  nouveau  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  meiiieure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  oi-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


y 


2DX 


26X 


30X 


a4X 


28X 


n 

32X 


tails 
I  du 
odifier 
une 
mage 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library, 

Gtoiogieal  Survsy  of  Canada 

Tha  imagas  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contrect  specif icationa. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatratad  imprea- 
sion.  or  tha  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  ara  filmad  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  iaat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illuatratad  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
ahali  contain  tha  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
ginirositA  da: 

Blbltoth4qiM, 

ComininkMi  QfokHMqua  du  Canada 

Lea  imagas  suivantes  ont  6t«  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattet«  de  l'exemplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Lea  axemplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvertura  an 
papier  est  imprimAe  sent  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  at  en  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  aelon  le  cas.  Tous  las  autres  axemplairas 
originaux  sent  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
pramiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darniAre  page  qui  comporte  unu  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
darniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — »*  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN". 

Lss  rcrtes.  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  da  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  iMs,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthode. 


rrata 
to 


palure. 
nA 


D 

32X 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

DESCRIPTIVE  NOTES  OF  NEW  GENERA  AND  SPECIES  FROM  THE 
LOWER  CAMBRIAN  OR  OLENELLUS  ZONE  OF  NORTH  AMERICA.* 

BY 

Charles  D.  Walcott, 

Honorary  Curator  of  the  Department  of  Invertebrate  Fossils. 

The  types  of  the  new  genera  and  species  described  in  this  paper  are 

in  the  collection  of  the  National  Museum,  and  may  be  identified  by  the 

Museum  catalogue  number  given  with  the  description  of  each  species. 

The  illustrations  of  the  species  will  be  published  in  the  Tenth  Annual 

Beport  of  the  Director  of  >'.he  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  tor  the  year 

ending  June  30,  1889. 

CORALS. 

It  has  been  an  open  question  for  many  years  whether  the  forms 
referred  to  the  genus  ArchceocycUhua,  Billings,  were  corals  or  sponges 
(see  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  30,  1886,  p.  78-80).  Dr.  G.  J.  Hinde 
has  recently  reviewed  the  genera  and  species,t  and  concluded  that 
"the  ArchceocyatkincB  form  a  special  family  of  the  Zoantharia  sclero- 
dermataf  in  some  features  allied  to  the  group  of  perforate  corals." 
Although  previously  inclined  to  consider  the  forms  under  notice  sponges, 
I  am  now  of  the  opinion  that  Dr.  Hinde  is  more  nearly  correct  in  refer* 
ring  them  to  the  corals. 

Protopharetra  Bornemamn. 
See  Geol.  Zeitschr. ,  1883,  p.  274. 

Frotopbaretra  sp.  f 

This  is  a  form  related  to  P.  polymorpha  Bornemann.  |  It  varies  inform 
of  growth  from  round  stems  to  flattened  fronds,  in  which  the  structure 
is  very  irregular.  It  is  an  open  question  if  Spirocyathus  atlanticiM  is 
not  generically  identical  with  Protopharetra. 

Locality. — Silver  Peak,  Nevada. 

Nat.  Mus.  Oat.Invt.  Foss.,  No.  15303. 

Spirocyathus  UmoK. 
See  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soo.,  London,  1889,  vol.  35,  p.  136. 

This  genus  is  proposed  to  include  the  original  type  of  the  gonns 
ArchamcyathuSj  Billings.     As  the  change  to  another  type  was  made 

•Read  before  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  June  1, 1889. 

t Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc,  London,  vol.  45, 1889,  pp.  125-148,  pi. 5. 

\  Nova  Acta  Leop.  Carol.,  Deutsche  Acad.  Naturforscher,  vol.  51,  pt,  1, 1886. 


Proceedings  National  Museum,  Vol.  XII— No.  7fi3. 

Proc.  N.  M.  89 3 


33 


34 


LOWER   CAMBRIAN   FOSSILS — WALCOTT. 


by  Mr.  Billings  and  no  good  result  can  now  come  from  urging  the  uso 
of  the  name  Archceocyathusy  as  originally  proposed,  it  appears  best  tu 
accept  Dr.  Hinders  generic  name. 
Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  14688. 

Cosoinocyathus  Bornemann. 
See  Zeitsohr.  d.  deutsch.  geol.  OeseUsch.,  1884,  p.  704. 

Cosciuooyathus  billingsi  Walcott. 
Archaocyathus  billingsi  Walcott,  1886.    Seo  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  30,  p.  74. 

By  the  subdivision  of  the  genus  ArchceocyathuH  this  species  is  re- 
ferred to  Coacinooyathus, 
Nat.  Mus.  Oat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  16302. 

Archaeocyathus  (A.)  dwightl  up.  uov. 

This  species  differs  from  A.  (A.)  renaselaericm  in  having  in  the  outer 
wall  a  double  row  of  pores  and  then  a  raised  space  upon  which  no  pores 
have  been  detected.    Interior  structure  unknown. 

Localities. — Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  near  School-house  No.  8,  GreenwicL, 
Washington  County,  New  York. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18352. 

Ethmophyllum  meeki  sp.  uov. 

This  form  differs  from  E.  whitneyiy  with  which  it  is  associated,  iu 
having  stronger  radiating  septa,  numerous  dissepiments,  and  large  pores 
in  the  outer  wall. 

Locality. — Silver  Peak,  Nevada. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18358. 

TRAILS,   BURROWS,  AND  TRACKS  OF  ANIMALS. 

As  far  as  known  to  me  there  are  no  true  Algse  found  in  the  rocks  of 
the  Lower  Cambrian.  That  such  forms  existed,  there  can  scarcely  be 
any  doubt,  but,  after  a  careful  siudy  of  all  the  reported  species,  I  think 
that  they  can  be  referred  to  trails  of  worms  or  moUusks  with  more  pro- 
priety than  to  the  Algee. 

Plauolites  Nicholson. 
Planolites  Nicholaon,  1873.    Proi.  Roy.  Soc.  London,  p.  289. 

Planolites  annularius  sp.  nov. 

The  cast  of  a  burrowing  worm  that  shows  numerous  annulations. 
Locality.— At  the  Reynolds  Inn  locality,  of  Olenellm  asapkoides, 
one  mile  west  of  North  Greenwich,  Washington  County,  New  York. 
Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18360. 

Planolites  oongregatus  Billings. 
PalcBophycua  congregatm  Billings,  1861.    Bull.  Geol.  Survey  Canada,  p.  2. 

This  and  the  following  species  were  referred  to  the  Algo)  by  Mr, 
Billings.    The  reference  may  be  correct,  but  the  species  impress  mc  aa 


1K89.    J 


l'KOCKEDlNG.S   OF   THE   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


35 


l)t'irig  tbe  casts  of  worm-boriDgs ;  aud  there  is  nothing  in  the  specimen 
ti)  indicate  their  vegetable  origin.    This  form  of  cast  is  found  in  sandy 
iir^illaceoas  deposits  all  through  the  sedimentary  rocks. 
Type  in  the  Museum  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 

PlanoUtes  inoipiens  Billings. 

Valffophtjcm  tncipiena  Billinga,  1861.    Bull.  Geol.  Snrvey  Canada,  p.  3. 

This  character  of  worm-buring  is  common  in  the  sandy  shales  near 
Swauton,  and  at  Parker's  Quarry,  Georgia,  Vermont.  It  is  associated 
with  Olenellus  asaphoides.  It  is  impossible  to  determine  whether  the 
trails  on  the  slate  were  made  by  the  same  species  of  animal  as  that 
making  tbe  trails  referred  to  P.  congregatus.  As  the  two  forms  have 
received  specific  names  they  are  retained  for  the  present. 

Type  in  the  Museum  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 

Helmiuthoidicbuites  Fitch. 

llelminthoidichmtea  Fitch,  1850.    Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agric.  Soc.  for  1849,  p.  868. 
Compare  Nemertitea  Nicholson,  1873.    Proc.  Koy.  Soc,  London,  p.  '289. 

Helminthoidichnites  mariuns  Emmons  (sp.). 

Gordia  marina  Emmons,  1844.     Taconic  System,  p.  67,  pi.  1,  fig.  2.— Idem,  1846. 

Agric.  N.  Y.,  vol.  1,  p.  68,  pi.  14,  fig.  2.— Idem,  Hall,  1847.    Pal.  N.  Y.,  vol.  1, 

p.  «64,  pi.  71,  figs.  1,  2. 
PaJosophycua  rectus  Fitch,  1850.    Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agric.  Soc.  for  1849,  p.  862. 
Compare  Fucoides  flexuosa  Emmons,  1844.    Taconic  System,  pi.  v,  fig.  3. 
Helminthoidichnilea  tenuis  Fitch,  1850.    Trans.  N.  Y,  State  Agric.  Soc.  for  1849,  p.  866, 

figure  in  text. 

Dr.  Fitch  proposed  the  genus  Helminthoidichnites  for  trades  resem- 
hliiig  those  of  worms,  and  figured  this  species  as  a  very  narrow  trail  on 
nn  arenaceous  shale.  I  have  seen  fragments  of  a  similar  trail  in  the 
arenaceous  slates  of  the  Olenellus  zone,  and  also  in  the  Upper  Cam- 
1)1  iiin  shales  of  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado,  Arizona.  Those  from 
the  latter  locality  afford  the  best  illustration,  and  a  figure  is  given  of  a 
siiiiiU  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  arenaceous  shale,  showing  the  trail 
upon  it. 

This  type  of  boring  or  trail  is  very  abundant  in  the  purple,  green, 
iuid  dark  slates,  and  in  the  arenaceous  shales  of  the  Olenellus  zone. 
Similar  trails  may  have  been  made  by  many  difEereui  species  during 
all  the  geologic  epochs  down  to  the  present  day. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18359. 

Cruziana  d'Orbigny. 

Bilobitea DeKay,  1823.    Am.  Lyo.  Nat.  Hist.,  New  York,  vol.  1  pp.  45-49. 

Not  liihhitea  Linn.,  1775. 

('nciana  d'Orbigny,  1842.    Voyage  d'Ameri(j[ue  Mdrid.,  iil. 

/.'».soj>/ij/CM8  Hall,  1852.    Pal.  N.  Y.,  vol.  2,  p.  23. 

Cruziana  sp.  ? 

A  careful  examination  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  of  the  trails  and 
biuiuws  referred  to  Cruziana^  from  a  siugle  layer  of  saudstoue,  leads 


36 


LOWER   CAMBRIAN  FOSSILS — WALCOTT. 


me  to  consider  that  they  are  ail  of  animal  origin,  and  that  many  of  the 
so-called  species  were  formed  by  one  species  of  animal.  Also,  that 
specific  differences  in  the  animals  making  them  would  not  generally  bu 
shown  in  the  casts  of  the  burrows  and  trails. 

In  a  paper  on  the  genus  Cruziana  and  allied  forms  I  will  give  my 
reasons  for  considering  them  burrows  and  trails  of  animals,  and  not 
the  casts  of  fucoids. 


Liu 


3 


Ktttorgina  labradorioa  var.  awantonenais  var.  nov. 

A  comparison  of  a  series  of  specimens  of  K.  labradoricaf  tcom  New- 
foundland, with  a  series  from  near  S wanton,  Vermont,  shows  constant  dif- 
ferences. The  strisB  on  the  Swanton  shells  are  finer  and  more  regular, 
and  the  valves  are  less  transverse  in  proportion  to  the  length,  and  the 
beak  of  the  ventral  valve  is  less  elevated. 

FoBMATiON  AND  LOOALiTY. — Lower  Cambiau.  East  of  Swanton  and 
Highgate  Springs,  Vermont. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  15329. 


M 


m 


Irt! 


!H;  i 


IP 

III 

I'iii 

II 
Hllil 

11 


Obolella  atlantioa  sp.  nov. 

This  is  a  small  species  of  Obolella  that  occurs  in  great  abundance  in 
Newfoundland  and  also  (less  frequently)  at  North  Attleborough,  Massa- 
chusetts* It  is  of  the  type  of  Obolella  crassa^  but  differs  in  the  details 
of  the  interior  surface  and  the  average  smaller  size. 

Localities. — Manuel's  Brook,  Topsail  and  Brigus  Heads,  Gonceptiou 
Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Nat.  Mus.  Gat.  luvt.  Foss.,  No.  18322. 

Camerella  minor  sp.  nov. 

Shell  small,  moderately  convex ;  valves  about  equal  in  depth.  Ven- 
tral valve  convex  on  the  umbo,  with  the  beak  slightly  incurved ;  cardi- 
nal slopes  nearly  straight  from  the  beak  to  the  rounded  sides ;  the 
posterior  or  umbonal  third  of  the  valve  is  usually  more  or  less  tumid, 
a  ridge  of  growth  separating  it  from  the  anterior  portion  of  the  shell. 
Dorsal  valve  shorter  than  the  ventral  valve;  transversely  oval,  most 
prominent  at  the  umbo ;  beak  very  small  and  terminating  at  the  cardi- 
nal margin. 

The  casts  of  the  surface  show  only  concentric  lines  of  growth. 
Usually  a  marked  line  or  ridge  separates  the  tumid  umbonal  portion  of 
the  shell  from  the  anterior  part. 

The  casts  of  the  interior  of  the  ventral  valve  have  a  small  pit  just  in 
front  of  the  termination  of  the  beak,  from  which  two  narrow  depres- 
sions extend  forward  and  separate  off  a  short,  narrow,  central  ridge 

,  *  Bull.  Mns.  Comp.  Zool.,  Harvard  College,  vol.  16, 1888 ;  Prelim.  Desopt.  North 
AtUvOuiougb  Fossils,  p.  27. 


VOL.  XII 
1889. 


] 


PROCEEDINGS   OP   THE   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


87 


iiiul  two  lateral  pointed  projections,  whicb  extend  forward  to  the  line  of 
the  base  of  the  central  ridge,  and  are  defined,  laterally,  by  sharp,  nar- 
row depressions.  Thici  form  indicates  that  two  lamellte  or  plates  ex- 
tended out  from  the  beak  on  each  side  of  a  narrow  central  depression 
iuid  then  curved  outward  towards  the  margin,  somewhat  as  in  Pentame- 
ru8.  lu  one  cast  two  slight  ridges  extend  from  the  base  of  the  lateral 
projections  a  short  distance  anteriorly.  In  the  interior  of  the  dorsal 
valve  a  transverse  depression,  just  in  front  of  the  beak,  corresponds  to 
ii  transverse  ridge  on  the  interior  of  the  valve. 

Owing  to  the  imperfect  casts  of  the  interior  the  generic  reference  to 
Camerella  is  tentative. 

In  company  with  Prof.  William  B.  Dwight  I  found  this  species  asso- 
ciated with  heads  and  fragments  of  a  trilobite  that  is  referred  to  Olenel- 
lus  asaphoides. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  In  the  quartzitic 
sandstones  of  Stissing  Mountain,  near  Stissingville,  Dutchess  County, 
New  York. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No. . 

Coleololdes  gen.  nov. 

Shell  slender,  elongate,  cylindrical,  straight  or  slightly  curved,  ap- 
parently thin. 

Surface  marked  by  very  fine,  slightly  oblique,  longitudinal  striae  ip 
the  only  species  known. 

In  form  this  shell  is  like  that  of  Hyolithellus  micans,  but  the  surface  * 

markings  are  unlike  those  of  either  HyolithelluSy  Billings,  or  Coleolusy 

Hall. 

Coleololdes  typicalis  ap.  nov. 

Straight,  slender,  elongate,  cylindrical  shells  that  taper  so  gradually 
tbat  the  diminution  in  size  is  only  apparent  in  long  pieces  of  the  tube 
and  then  observable  only  by  the  closest  examination.    Shell  apparently  . 
very  thin. 

Surface  marked  by  very  fine,  slightly  oblique,  longitudinal  striae  that 
are  a  little  irregular  in  their  course,  as  shown  by  a  strong  magnifier. 
The  striae  make  one  revolution  around  the  tube  in  a  length  of  sixteen 
diameters  of  the  tube. 

The  longest  specimen  found  has  a  length  of  23™*  and  is  about  one- 
half  a  millimeter  in  diameter.    It  is  broken  off  at  each  extremity. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  related  species. 

Formation  and  locality.— Same  as  Hj/olWies  terranovicus. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18326. 

HyolitheB  terranoviouB  sp.  nov. 

Form  an  elongate  subtriangular  pyramid,  gradually  and  regularly 

I  tapering  to  an  acute  extremity.    The  angle  of  tapering  of  the  dorsal 

side  is  very  nearly  16°.    Transverse  section  subtriangular  or  semi- 


88 


LOWER   CAMBRIAN   FOSSILS — WALCOTT. 


K'lU 


111 


elliptical.  Dorsal  face  slightly  convex  and  curving  gently  from  the  ex- 
tremity to  the  anterior  subspatulate  portion.  Ventral  face  strongly 
and  regnlarly  convex  transversely ;  the  dorsal  and  ventral  faces  meet 
to  form  the  rounded  lateral  angles  of  the  shell.  Aperture  oblique,  thu 
mnrgin  extending  on  the  dorsal  side ;  the  peristoine  of  the  ventral  side 
is  slightly  curved  backward.  Operculum  unknown.  Shell  thick  and 
strong. 

Surface  of  the  shell  transversely  or  concentrically  striated ;  on  the 
dorsal  surface  the  strije  are  faintly  defined  and  on  the  ventral  surface 
strongly  marked  and  also  cancellated  by  raised  lines  with  finer  striu' 
between. 

The  largest  specimen  collected  has  a  width  of  16'"'"  at  the  aperture 
and  a  length  of  about  55'" >"  is  indicated,  the  portion  preserved  bein;; 
48'""'  in  length. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  identical  species,  although  the  surface  mark- 
ings are  like  those  of  HyoUthes  nobiiis  Barrande.* 

The  presence  of  a  septum  near  the  extremity  of  the  shell  is  very  dis- 
tinct in  one  species  where  the  point  is  broken  off. 

Formation  and  locality. — Lower  Cambrian.  This  species  is  found 
in  irregular  masses  of  limestone  resting  on  and  among  the  bowlders  of 
gneiss  forming  the  base  of  the  Olenellus  zone  on  Manuel's  Brook,  Con- 
ception Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18319. 

Hyolitbes  similis  sp.  nov. 

Form  an  elongate  subtriangnlar  pyramid,  gradually  and  regularly 
tapering  to  an  acute  extremity.  The  angle  of  tapering  of  the  dorsal 
side  is  about  13°.  Transverse  section  subtriangnlar.  The  ventral 
angle  is  sharp  and  the  lateral  angles  rounded.  Dorsal  face  slightly 
arched  longitudinally,  transversely  nearly  flat,  except  at  the  sides, 
where  it  curves  slightly  to  meet  the  two  planes  of  the  ventral  face, 
which  is  strongly  angular  at  the  center.  Aperture  oblique;  the  peri- 
stome is  indented  at  the  center  of  the  ventral  side  and  arched  over  the 
subspatulate  extension  of  the  dorsal  face.  Operculum  unknown.  Shell 
comparatively  thin. 

Surface  of  the  shell  marked  by  transverse  or  concentric  strias  that 
arch  forward  on  the  dorsal  face.  The  ventral  face  is  further  marked 
by  four  raised  lines  on  each  side  of  the  central  angle,  and  between  the 
raised  lines  by  very  fine  longitudinal  striie. 

The  portion  preserved  of  the  largest  specimen  collected  has  a  length 
of  43™"".  When  entire  it  was  about  50™"*  in  length ;  it  has  a  width  at 
the  aperture  of  13™™,  and  a  depth  of  7""". 

In  general  form  this  shell  is  closely  related  to  H.  americanus.  It  dif- 
fers in  the  strongly  marked  ventral  surface. 

Formation  and  locality. — Same  as  H.  terranovicvs. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18317. 

•  Syet.  Sil.  Bohenie,  Vol.  iii,  1867,  pi.  13,  flgs  22-26. 


VI      Xll.l 


PROCEEDtNOS  OF*  TlIE   NATIONAL  MUSEUM. 
Helenia  gen.  nov. 


89 


Shell  an  elongate,  narrow,  flattened,  curT'ed  tube ;  tranRver^e  section 
niitl  aperture  elliptical.  Surface  marked  by  transverse,  concentric,  iin- 
biientiug  lines  of  growth. 

Helenia  bella  sp.  nov. 

Shell  an  elongate,  narrow,  flattened,  carved  tube.  The  plane  of  the 
tliitieiied  surfaces  is  slightly  twisted,  so  as  to  throw  the  lateral  margins 
about  one-quarter  of  a  turn  around  and  to  incline  the  upper  and  lower 
faceH  nearly  45°  at  one  extremity,  as  compared  with  the  other.  The 
curvature  is  nearly  semicircular.  The  cross-section  is  an  elongated 
ellipse.  The  form  of  the  aperture  of  the  larger  extremity,  as  indicated 
by  the  strise  of  growth,  has  the  peristome  arching  forward  on  one  of 
the  flattened  sides  and  curving  slightly  backward  on  the  opposite  side. 
As  far  as  I  am  able  to  determine  the  shell  w<»s  open  at  the  smaller  end, 
ii8  in  Dentaliunit  or  the  extremity  was  decollated  in  all  the  specimens 
(collected.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  it  was  open  at  both  ends,  and 
liencc  should  be  referred  to  the  Dentalidne. 

Surface  marked  by  irregular,  transverse  or  concentric,  imbricating 
lines  of  growth  thai  vary  in  number  and  size  on  the  same  specimen 
and  in  different  specimens. 

Helenia  bella  is  provisionally  referred  to  the  Ventalidw  on  account  of 
its  form  and  the  apparent  opening  at  both  extremities. 

Formation  and  locality. — In  a  pinkish-colored  limestone  of  Lower 
Cambrian  age,  in  association  with  HyoUthes  princeps,  Olenellus  hroggeri., 
etc.  In  a  railway  cut  north  of  ManueUs  Brook,  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18324. 

AgnostuB  deeideratuB  sp.  nov. 

Cephalic  shield  about  as  broad  as  long,  broadly  rounded  in  front,  sides 
curving  in  very  slightly  towards  the  posterior  margin ;  posterior  margin 
sloping  obliquely  inward  from  the  postero  lateral  angles  to  the  median 
lobe.  A  narrow  raised  rim  extends  all  around  the  margin  except  across 
the  base  of  the  glabella  or  median  lobe.  The  space  between  the  rim 
and  the  glabella  is  slightly  convex.  Glabella  less  than  two  thirds  the 
length  of  the  head,  narrow,  snbcylindrical,  and  with  a  small  tubercle 
on  the  posterior  third.  Surface  smooth.  A  pygidium  associated  with 
the  head  on  the  same  piece  of  rock  has  a  prominent  median  lobe  bor- 
dered by  a  narrow  convex  space  between  it  and  the  marginal  rim.  The 
median  lobe  does  not  show  any  indication  of  lateral  or  transverse  fur- 
rows.   An  elongate  median  tubercle  is  the  only  ornament. 

This  type  of  Agnostua  occurs  in  the  Middle  Cambrian  zone  of  the 
Atlantic  Basin  as  A.  parvifronSj  Linnarsson,  and  A.  brevifronSf  Linnars- 
^0!',  of  Sweden,  and  A,  tessella,  Matthew,  and  A.  umbOy  Matthew,  of  New 
Bnuiswick. 


40 


LOWER  CAMBRIAN  FOSSILS— WALCOTT. 


i' 


I 


r 


^n 


1' 


lili 


!,il 


i 
11 


Formation  and  locality.— In  the  upper  portion  of  the  Lower  Cam- 
briau  rocks,  a  short  distance  northeast  of  Salem,  Washington  County, 
New  Yorfe 

Mat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18327. 

Agnoatus  sp.  f 

This  species  is  represented  by  two  imperfect  heads  of  the  type  of 
Agnostm  fallax  Linnarsson,  of  the  Middle  .Cambrian  of  Sweden,  or  A. 
acadicua  Hartt,  of  New  Brunswick.  It  is  found  at  the  same  locality 
with  A.  deaideratm  and  also  two  miles  south- southeast  of  Granville,  in 
Washington  County,  New  York. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18328. 

M iorodisous  helena  sp.  nov. 

Head  convex,  bordered  all  around  by  a  continuous  marginal  rim  that 
is  narrow  at  the  back  and  sides  and  broad  in  front.  Three  small  nodes 
occur  on  the  anterior  lateral  portion  of  the  rim,  the  center  one  being  on 
the  line  of  the  frontal  margin  of  the  glabella.  Glabella  prominent, 
cylindroconical,  tumid  posteriorly ;  two  furrows  cross  the  middle  thinl 
60  as  to  separate  a  narrow  central  lobe,  an  anterior  lobe  nearly  twice  hh 
long  as  the  central  lobe,  and  a  tumid  posterior  lobe  that  equals  the  an- 
terior lobe  in  length.  Dorsal  furrows  stcong;  the  furrow  within  the 
margin  is  broad  and  well  detined  all  around  except  at  the  occipital  fur- 
row crossing  the  glabella,  where  it  is  very  narrow ;  it  curves  backward 
inside  the  very  narrow  rim  at  this  point.  Cheeks  tumid,  and  overhang- 
ing the  outer  marginal  groove. 

The  pygidiiB  associated  with  the  heads  are  strongly  convex ;  the  me- 
dian lobe,  at  the  center,  is  a  little  more  than  one- third  of  the  entire  width 
of  the  pygidium ;  it  is  crossed  by  five  transverse  furrows  that  divide  it 
into  five  segments,  and  a  short,  terminal  segment  just  inside  the  strongly 
defined  marginal  groove ;  dorsal  furrows  strong ;  marginal  rim  narrow; 
lateral  lobes  slightly  convex,  smooth. 

The  head  of  this  species  is  rela^v^d  to  that  of  M.  meeki  and  M.  lohatm. 
The  tumid  posterior  lobe  of  the  glabella  serves  to  distinguish  it  from 
them  and  also  all  described  species.  Tbe  associated  pygidium  differs 
from  that  of  M.  bellamarginatm  in  being  more  convex  and  in  having 
five  instead  of  nine  segments  in  the  median  lobe. 

Formation  and  looalitt. — Lower  Cambrian.  In  a  decomposed 
limestone,  600  meters  west  of  Manuel's  Brook,  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  1836 L. 

Olenellus  Hall. 
See  Ball.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  30,  1886,  p.  162. 

Thinking  that  Olenellus  succeeded  the  genus  Paradoxideg  in  time, 
and  accepting  the  interpretation  given  by  Mr.  Ford  to  the  embryonic 
characters  of  0.  asaphoides^  1  argued  in  favor  of  the  descent  of  Ole- 


vot..  xil.l 
l-Wt.     J 


PROCEEDINGS   OP  THE   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


41 


iirlliiH  from  Paradoxideg.    It  was  an  error,  as  the  finding  of  Olenellus 
Ixiioatli  Paradoxides  abundantly  proves. 

The  discovery  of  more  perfect  specimens  of  0.  nsaphoides  shotrs  that 
tliiit  which  I  had  identified  as  the  facial  suture  is  a  raised  line  in  the 
cast  of  the  interior  of  the  shell  that  fills  a  depressed  line  occupying  the 
]M»,sitiou  of  the  suture.  I  have  since  found  this  raised  lioe  in  many 
KiK>(;imeus,but  in  none  is  there  a  true  suture  cutting  through  the  shell, 
ii.s  in  Paradoxides  and  most  other  genera  of  trilobites. 

Subgenas  MeaonaoiB  Walcott. 

See  null.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Survey,  No.  30,  1886,  p.  158. 

With  the  discovery  of  entire  specimens  of  Olenellus  aaaphoides,  0. 
I{ierulfif  0.  mioJeipitzia,  and  O.  broggeri,  it  appears  that  Mesonacin  ver- 
Montana  is  to  be  grouped  with  them,  and  all  referred  to  M esonacis  as  a 
subgenus,  on  account  of  the  peculiar  pygidiuni  of  Olenelluft  thompsoni^ 
the  type  of  the  genus,  as  compared  with  that  of  0.  {Mesonach)  ver- 
montana,  the  type  of  the  subgenus  O.  ( V.]  vermonfana. 

Olenellus  (Meeonaois)  asaphoides  Emmons  (ap.). 

See  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  No.  30,  1886,  r     H8. 

T!>3  discovery  of  entire  specimens  of  thii^  species  shows  that  it  has 
eighteen  segments  in  the  thorax,  and  a  ^^mail,  transverse  pygidium,  of 
the  Paradoxides  type.  On  '^ach  of  the  five,  short  posterior  segments 
of  the  thorax  there  is  a  long,  slender  spine  that  projects  bade  over  the 
I>ygidium.  The  entire  specimens  were  found  at  the  original  locality  of 
the  species,  near  the  old  Reynolds  Inn  building,  one  mile  west  of  North 
Greenwich,  Washington  County,  New  York. 

Nat.  Mus.  Gat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18350. 

Olenellus  (M.)  broggeri  Walcott. 

Olenelthis  broggen  Walcott,  1888.  Name  propose:!  on  exhibition  of  specimens  at  the 
International  Geological  Congress,  London.  Name  used  in  "  Nature,*'  vol. 
38,  p.  .551,  1888. 

General  form  ovate,  the  length  and  breadth  nearly  as  3  to  2  in  com- 
paring the  length  of  the  entire  body  with  the  width  of  the  head.  Head 
broad,  semicircular  in  outline  and  moderately  convex  when  preserved 
in  the  limestone,  but  very  much  compressed  in  the  shales.  Margin 
rather  broad,  but  varying  in  width  one-half  in  different  individuals:  it 
is  slightly  rounded  and  separated  from  the  frontal  limb  and  cheeks  by 
a  shallow  groove  and  narrow,  low  ridge ;  posteriorly  it  terminates  in  a 
eoraparatively  short,  strong  .pine.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  head, 
between  the  glabella  and  postero-lateral  spine,  is  broken  just  within  the 
liitter  by  a  deep  notch  and  a  short  spine  that  corresponds  to  the  "  in- 
terocdlar"  spine  (Ford)  of  Olenellus  asaphoides  and  the  spine  at  the 
pleural  angles  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head  of  O.  hjerulji ;  a 
low  ridge  extends  from  back  of  the  eye,  next  to  the  glabella,  out  to  the 


42 


LOWER   CAMBRIAN   FOSSILS — WALCOTT. 


tl 


:' 


spine,  much  as  in  0.  kjerulji ;  the  spine  varies  in  size  and  direction, 
from  the  young  individual,  where  it  is  directed  backward,  to  the  large 
adult,  in  which  it  extends  obliquely  outward.  The  under  side  of  the 
inarginforms  a  broad  ''  doublure."  It  is  slightly  arched  downward  and 
narrows  towards  the  postero- lateral  angles  of  the  head.  A  slight, 
curved  indentrtion  occurs  at  the  pointofattachmentof  thehypostoma. 
It  is  a  very  common  occurrence  to  find  the  ^'doublure  "  on  the  reflected 
under  margin  lying  free  from  the  other  parts  of  the  head,  in  the  shale, 
and  with  the  hypostoma  attached.  This  fact  leads  to  the  conclusion 
that  a  suture  may  pass  around  nearer  the  frontal  margin  in  the  same 
manner  as  Holm  describes  it  in  0.  Igerulji.* 

Glabella  clavate,  narrow  at  the  base,  reaching  its  gicatest  width  just 
back  of  the  anterior  termination  of  the  eye  lobes  ;  it  narrows  rapidly 
towards  the  rather  sharply  rounded  frontal  margin.  Three  pairs  of 
glabellar  furrows  occur  as  shallow  depressions,  the  anterior  one  oppo- 
site the  point  wliere  the  eye  lobe  merges  into  the  frontal  lobe  of  the 
glabella ;  tb«  furrows  on  the  opposite  side  extend  in,  but  do  not  unite. 
Occipital  furrow  shallow  and  extending  back  from  each  side  towards 
the  center.  Occipital  ring  narrow  at  sides  and  increasing  rapidly  in 
width  to  the  center,  where  it  supports  a  long,  strong  spine  that  curves 
back  over  the  thorax  ;  none  of  the  specimens  show  the  entire  spine,  but 
I  think  it  extends  back  in  the  adult  fully  one-half  the  length  of  the 
thorax.  Eye  lobes  crescentiform,  narrow,  elongate,  arching  from  the 
base  of  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  glabella,  into  which  they  merge,  back 
to  a  line  with  the  occipital  furrow lE^nd  some  distance  from  the  glabella; 
visual  surface  unknown.  The  area  between  the  glabella  and  eye  lobe 
is  slightly  depressed,  a  narrow,  shallow  furrow  extending  along  the  inner 
edge  of  the  eye  lobe.  The  frontal  limb  and  cheeks  slope  gently  to  the 
ridge  within  the  outer  margin.  No  traces  of  facial  sutures  observed, 
although  on  some  of  the  casts  of  the  inner  side  of  the  shell  a  depressed 
line  in  the  shell  is  indicated  by  a  raised  line  on  the  cast.  This  line  fol- 
lows the  direction  I  should  theoretically  give  to  the  suture.  H>  postoma 
moderately  convex,  broad  in  front  and  narrowing  towards  the  posterior 
margin.t  One  specimen  is  18"""  across  the  greatest  width,  and  12"" 
across  the  posterior  end.  The  anterior  margin  shows  a  rounded,  smooth 
edge  that  fits  into  the  slight,  curved  recess  of  the  "doublure''  of  the 
head  except  laterally,  where  it  extends  out  to  meet  the  side  margin  of 
the  anterior  wings  to  form  a  blunt  point;  back  of  the  anterior  wings 
the  margin  is  raised  to  form  an  elevated  rim  and  then  curves  under ; 
the  rim  extends  around  to  and  across  the  posterior  margin,  becoming 
most  prominent  at  the  postejo-lateral  angles;  the  marginal  rim  is  sep- 
arated from  the  body  by  a  sulcus  that  disappears  on  the  anterior  wings ; 
the  posterior  groove,  in  front  of  the  marginal  sulcus,  is  well  defined  and 


*Aftryok  vr.  Gcol.  Forcu.  i  Stockholm.    Forhandl.,  Bd.  ix,  Haft  7,  1887,  p.  16. 

t  The  frout  iniirgin  is  the  point  of  attachment  to  the  head  and  the  posterior  mar- 
gin, tli»  margin  next  to  the  mouth  of  the  animal  and  facing  the  posterior  niargin  of 
the  head. 


ViM,.  xn,T 
1  ,-80.     J 


PROCEEDINGS  OP   THE    NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


43 


,!) clicf^  backward  from  siilQ  to  side,  aUhoagh  very  shallow  at  the  center, 
iiiid  it  leaves  a  prominent  ridge  on  each  side  between  it  and  the  pos- 
terior marginal  sulcus;  the  anterior  grooves  are  short  and  scarcely 
more  than  pits  just  back  of  the  main  body  of  the  hypostoma.  This 
h.vpostoma  diflfers  from  that  of  0.  {M.)  kjerulfi  .and  O.  (M.)  asaphoiden  in 
Itt'iiig-  narrower  anteriorly,  more  elongate,  and  with  a  smooth  instead 
of  spinose  posterior  margin. 

Thorax  with  eighteen  segments.*  Axial  lobe  convex ;  the  center  of 
each  segment  bears  a  short,  strong,  curved  spine,  the  base  of  which 
reaches  longitudinally  across  the  segment.  Pleural  lobes  flattened, 
about  three-fifths  of  the  distance  from  the  axial  lobe  to  the  outer  edge, 
and  then  gently  curving  to  the  ends  of  the  remaining  falcate  portion  of 
the  pleurae.  The  narrow,  median  pleural  grooves  extend  outward  to 
tlie  beginning  of  the  curvature  of  the  broad  falcate  extremity  of  the 
pleura.    Pygidium  small,  transverse,  almost  quadrangular  in  outline. 

None  of  the  examples  show  the  details  of  structure  with  suflicient 
clearness  to  describe  them. 

Tlie  surface  of  the  head  and  thoracic  segments  is  ornamented  with 
the  peculiar,  inosculating,  fine,  raised  fretwork  that,  as  far  as  known, 
i8  coufined  to  the  genus  Olenellua. 

Dimensions. — O.  hrUggeri  and  0,  thompsoni  are  the  two  largest  species 
cf  the  genus  yet  described.  Fragments  of  O.  hroggeri  now  before  me 
indicate  a  length  of  24  centimeters.  One  head  has  a  length  of  8  centi- 
meters. A  bed  of  greenish  argillaceous  shale  6  inches  in  thickness  is 
almost  entirely  formed  of  fragments  of  large  shells. 

The  associated  fauna  includes  some  well-known  Olenellus  fauna  spe- 
cies and  others  not  heretofore  described.  As  known  now  it  embraces 
fourteen  genera,  twenty-three  species,  and  six  varieties. 

Formation  and  localities. — Lower  Cambrian.  The  best  specimens 
were  secured  in  a  reddish-brown  argillaceous  shale,  in  a  railroad  cut, 
about  1  mile  west  of  Manuel's  Brook  Bridge,  on  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland. It  was  also  found  in  the  limestones  beneath  Topsail  Head 
and  on  Brigus  Head,  on  the  same  bay;  at  the  base  of  the  ManuePs 
Brook  section,  where  it  ranges  through  80  feet  of  strata,  and  in  the 
decomposed  limestone  400  yards  west  of  the  brook,  in  a  railroad  cnt. 
Stratigraphically  its  position  is  300  feet  beneath  the  Paradoxides  zone 
in  the  Manuel's  Brook  section. 

Comparison.— The  great  occipital  spine,  small  "pleural"  spine, broad 
fiilcate  extension  of  the  pleuras,  and  short,  transverse  pygidium  dis- 
tinguish O.  hrUggeri  from  0.  kjei'ulji  and  0.  mickwitzia  of  Europe. 
With  the  exception  of  the  form  of  thepleursB  the  same  characters  sep- 
!i!ate  it  from  0.  asqphoides,  O.  Ihompsoni^  O.  {M.)  vermontanUf  and  O. 
ijilhcrti.    The  head  of  O.  iddingsi  is  quite  distinct. 

'  A  note  made  in  the  field  records  eighteen  segments  in  the  only  entire  specimen 
IouihI,  Owing  to  fragile,  decompoaed  rock  the  pygidium  and  five  segments  of  this 
s|i<  riiuoa  were  ground  to  powder  in  transporting  the  large  slab  which  contained  it 
over  tbe  rough  roads  to  St.  John's. 


44 


LOWER  CAMBRIAN  FOSSILS — WALCOTT. 


The  species  of  Olenellua  fouud  in  Shropshire,  England,  and  given  the 
provisional  name  of  0.  eallavei  by  Prof.  Gbarles  Lapwortb,*  is  very  closely 
allied  to,  if  not  identical  with,  O.  broggeri. 

Nat.  Mas.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18331. 

Avalonia  gen.  nor. 
Avalonia  manuelensis  sp.  nov. 

As  the  types  of  the  genns  and  species  are  the  same,  one  description 
only  will  be  given. 

The  genus  and  species  are  fbanded  on  the  central  portions  of  the 
head  of  a  trilobite  that  differs  from  any  described  species  known  to  me 
in  the  form  of  the  dorsal  and  ocular  furrows  and  fixed  cheek. 

Head,  semicircular,  moderately  convex.  Glabella,  subquadrangular, 
slightly  convex,  sides  parallel ;  three  pairs  of  narrow,  shallow  furrows 
divide  the  glabella  into  four  subequal  lobes ;  the  two  posterior  furrows 
extend  about  one-third  the  distance  across  the  glabella ;  the  anterior 
pair  are  very  short  and  indistinct.  Occipital  ring  narrow,  transverse, 
and  separated  from  the  glabella  by  a  strong  furrow.  The  dorsal  fur- 
rows are  well-defined  grooves,  extending  from  the  posterior  margin  to 
the  frontal  rim.  Fixed  cheeks,  broad,  very  slightly  convex;  the  an- 
terior fourth  is  separated  by  a  narrow  furrow  that  starts,  at  a  slight 
deflection,  in  the  glabellar  suture,  and  extends  outward  and  backward 
to  the  facial  suture,  where  it  passes  into  what,  in  many  of  the  trilobites, 
is  the  furrow  or  eye  lobe.  This  furrow  or  groove  occupies  the  posi- 
tion of  the  ocular  ridge,  from  the  dorsal  furrow  to  the  facial  suture,  in 
the  genus  Ptychoparia.  The  extension  of  the  furrow  backward  joins 
the  one  extending  from  the  occipital  furrow  outward,  just  inside  the 
posterior  margin.  Frontal  margin  of  medium  width,  and  separated 
from  the  glabella  by  a  strong  furrow ;  posterior  rim  of  head  narrow, 
rounded,  and  separated  from  the  fixed  cheek  by  a  strong  furrow  that 
unites  at  the  postero- lateral  angle  with  the  furrow  on  the  outer  edge  of 
the  fixed  cheek.  The  eye  lobe  is  not  distinctly  shown  in  any  of  the 
specimens.  If  present  it  is  probably  long  and  narrow,  as  in  the  genus 
Centropleuray  of  Angelin,  or  Anopolenus,  of  Salter. 

Free  cheeks  unknown.  From  the  form  of  the  fixed  cheeks  they  were 
evidently  long  and  narrow. 

The  br^iul  fixed  cheek  with  its  furrows  on  the  lateral  and  posterior 
margins  recalls  the  cheek  of  AnopolentiSf  while  the  quadrangular  gla- 
bella is  that  of  the  genus  Olenoidea.  As  far  as  known  to  me  the  de- 
pressed ocular  furrow  is  peculiar  to  the  genus. 

Formation  and  looalitt.— Lower  Cambrian.  In  railway  cut, 
about  600  meters  north  of  Manuel's  Brook,  Conception  Bay,  Newfound- 
land. 

Nat.  Mns.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18333. 


*  Qeol.  Mag.,  new  ser.,  Deo.  Ill,  vol.  5,  1888,  p.  486. 


vol,  XlI.T 
1U89.    J 


PBOCEEDINOS   OP   THE   NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 


45 


Zaoanthoides  eatoni  sp.  nov. 

This  species  differs  from  Zaoanthoides  levis  ia  having  the  glabella 
clavate  instead  of  subcylindrical ;  also  in  the  more  elongate  form  of 
the  head.    Pygidium  unknown. 

Formation  of  locality. — Upper  portion  of  the  Oienellus  zone  in 
Washington  County,  New  York. 

Nat.  Mas.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18362. 

Solenopleura  harveyi  sp.  nov. 

Of  this  species  only  the  central  portions  of  the  hoad  have  been 
fuuud.  These  belonged  to  a  very  large  species,  as  the  heads  vary  in 
length  from  40'°'»  to  45""".. 

The  glabella  is  conical,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  width,  and  sepa- 
rated from  the  slightly  rounded  occipital  ring  by  a  shallow  furrow. 
Two  very  shallow  furrows  extend  obliquely  backward  from  the  dorsal 
furrow  on  each  side ;  they  scarcely  indent  the  smooth,  convex  surface 
of  the  glabella ;  an  anterior  pair  of  furrows  are  indicated  by  a  short, 
shallow  depression  on  a  line  with  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eye  lobe ; 
the  glabella  is  separated  from  the  fixed  cheek  and  frontal  limb  by  a 
shallow  groove  on  the  sides,  and  in  front  by  the  difference  in  the  slope 
of  its  surface  and  that  of  the  frontal  limb.  Frontal  limb  broad  and 
gently  convex  down  to  the  slight  depression  separating  it  from  the  rel- 
atively broad,  depressed  margins ;  laterally  it  passes  into  the  broad, 
smooth,  free  cheeks.  The  frontal  margin  of  the  eye  lobe  is  at  about 
half-way  between  the  posterior  and  anterior  margins  of  the  head ;  it  is 
of  .nedium  size ;  a  well-defined  ocular  ridge  extends  obliquely  back- 
ward across  the  fixed  cheek  from  the  glabella  to  the  eye  lobe.  The 
posterior  margin  of  the  head  is  separated  from  the  main  part  of  the 
lixed  cheek  by  a  broad,  shallow  groove. 

With  the  material  at  hand  for  study  the  species  is  provisionally  re- 
ferred to  Solenopleura. 

The  specific  name  is  given  in  honor  of  Bev.  M.  Harvey,  the  author 
of  the  best  work  yet  published  on  Newfoundland,  and  the  enthusiastic 
helper  of  every  scientific  student  who  visits  the  colony. 

Formation  and  locality.— Lower  Cambrian.  About  600  meters 
north  of  Manuel's  Brook,  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Nat.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18338. 

Solenopleura  howleyi  sp.  nov. 

A  second  large  species  is  referred  to  Solenopleura.  It  is  associated 
with  8.  harveyif  and  is  much  nearer  the  type  of  the  genus  Solenopleura 
than  the  latter  species.  It  is  known  only  by  the  central  portion  of  the 
head  and  a  few  segments  of  the  thorax. 

The  glabella  is  elongate,  conical,  convex,  and  marked  by  three  pairs 
of  shallow  furrows  that  penetrate  obliquely  backward  one  third  the 
distance  across  the  glabella ;  occipital  ring  rounded  and  well  defined 


46 


LOWER   CAMBRIAN   FOSSILS -^  WALCOTT. 


II 


Hi 


from  the  glabella  by  a  deep  furrow;  a  small  node  occurs  at  tbe 
ceuter;  the  glabella  rises  rather  abruptly  ftrom  the  broad,  slightly  cou- 
vex  fixed  cheeks  and  narrow,  frontal  limb,  a  shallow,  dorsal  furrow  serv- 
ing to  give  it  more  prominence.  •  The  broad,  fixed  cheeks  are  crossed 
by  a  narrow,  ocular  ridge  that  passes  obliquely  outward  and  backward 
from  a  point  on  the  dorsal  furrow  opposite  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eye  lobe,  where  it  unites  with  the  outer  rim  of  the  rather  large,  promi- 
nent eye  lobe.  Anterior  rim  of  the  head  of  medium  width,  rounded 
and  separated  from  the  frontal  lobe  by  a  narrow,  distinct  furrow.  The 
])08terior  rim  or  margin  is  more  rounded  than  the  anterior,  and  the  fur- 
row defining  it  is  deeper.  The  short,  postero-lateral  limb  of  the  fixed 
cheek  slopes  abruptly  down  to  its  half-truncated  margin. 

Surface  strongly  granular  or  pustulose. 

Formation  and  locality. — Associated  with  Solenopleura  ?  harveyi. 

The  specific  name  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  James  P.  Howley,  geolo- 
gist of  Newfoundland. 

Nut.  Mus.  Cat.  Invt.  Foss.,  No.  18336. 

Smitusoniax  Institution,  June  1, 1869, 


at  the 
tly  cou- 
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crossed 
bckward 
n  of  the 
,  promi- 
rounded 
w.  The 
the  fur- 
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fj  geolo- 


